To facilitate the switch to electric vehicles (EVs), car manufacturers must adapt pre-existing, internal combustion engine (ICE)-centric production hubs, and the transition needs to happen quickly. One reason is to hit looming emissions targets—55% net greenhouse gas emission reductions in the EU by 2030 compared to 1990, 60% in the US. Another is the burgeoning demand for EVs, with 14 million expected to be sold globally by the end of 2023, a 35% year-on-year increase, according to the International Energy Agency. Such changes are inevitably costly and logistically complex.
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