Many experts agree that, although the rise of electrification and alternative fuels is in flow, the internal combustion engine (ICE) has a long future in the automotive industry. As a result, OEMs have been constantly identifying ways to enhance the efficiency of ICEs to meet fuel economy and emissions standards.
Some of these improvements have conjured challenges in themselves. For example, downsizing and turbocharging has a considerable impact on noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) as well as temperature.
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